10 tips for dog owners on how to choose the right food for your dog

Choosing the right food for your dog may seem complicated because the selection is wide and each product comes with its promises. The wrong food can lead to obesity, digestive problems, and other health issues, while the right choice helps keep your dog energetic and healthy. Here are 10 practical tips to help you make more informed decisions about your pet’s diet.

1. Consider your dog’s size

Dogs of different sizes have different energy needs and metabolisms. Small dogs often have a faster metabolism and require more energy-dense food in smaller amounts, while large breeds need nutrients that support joint health.

2. Choose food according to age

• Puppy – A growing body needs plenty of protein and fat to support muscle, bone, brain, and nervous system development.
• Adult dog – Energy requirements are more stable and lower than those of puppies. It’s important to maintain a balance of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to prevent obesity.
• Senior – Older dogs often need easily digestible food, sometimes with lower calories, but enriched with supplements that support joint and heart health.

3. Ensure nutrient balance

A dog’s diet should contain the right amounts of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. A balanced diet provides energy, keeps the immune system strong, and supports overall health.

4. Wet food, dry food, or raw diet?

• Dry food is convenient, affordable, and has a long shelf life. It can help clean teeth, but for some dogs it may be too hard or less appetizing.
• Wet food is often tastier and more appealing to dogs. It also contains more moisture, which is beneficial for dogs that don’t drink enough water. It helps dogs feel full longer. However, wet food is more expensive, and opened packages spoil quickly.
• Raw diet is more easily digestible and may support muscle development and coat health, but requires owner awareness and careful balancing to ensure all necessary nutrients are provided.

5. Consider your dog’s health condition

Allergies, sensitive digestion, joint problems, or obesity are all factors that should influence food choices. If your dog has a health issue, it’s wise to consult a veterinarian who may recommend a special diet.

6. Pay attention to ingredients

Always check the ingredients on the package. Good dog food should not contain excessive artificial colors or preservatives. Ensure that meat is listed first in the ingredients and that the food includes essential vitamins and minerals. Avoid ingredients your dog is sensitive or allergic to.

7. Monitor the right amount

Even the best food isn’t healthy if given in the wrong amount. Too much leads to obesity, too little causes nutrient deficiencies. Use the recommended amounts on the packaging as a guideline, but adjust based on your dog’s activity level and health.

8. Human food and treats

Human food may seem tasty to dogs, but many foods are harmful or even toxic (e.g., chocolate, grapes, onions, garlic). Treats should also be given in moderation, as they often contain extra calories.

9. Pay attention to breed-specific needs

Some breeds are genetically predisposed to certain health issues (e.g., Labradors to obesity, German Shepherds to hip dysplasia, Bulldogs to breathing difficulties). Knowing breed-specific traits helps you choose food that supports your dog’s health.

10. Transitioning to a new diet

If you change your dog’s food, do it gradually. Start by mixing a small amount of the new food with the old one and increase the proportion of new food each day. This helps prevent digestive problems and makes the transition easier for your dog.

Note: These tips are meant as general guidelines and are based on external sources. They are not a substitute for veterinary advice. Every dog is different, so always consult your veterinarian before making significant changes to your dog’s diet or health decisions.

References:

Choosing the right food for your dog or cat. (n.d.). Animal Humane Society. https://www.animalhumanesociety.org/resource/choosing-right-food-your-dog-or-cat

Feeding your dog properly. (2022). Four Paws. https://www.four-paws.org/our-stories/publications-guides/feeding-your-dog-properly

Yasin, S., Awais, M., Saleem, A., Mobashar, M., Ullah, Z., Ali, U., Waqas, M., Zaman, S. H., Dawar, W., & Muzamil, M. (2025). Dog food: Choosing the right food for your dog. Nutritional Foundations of Holistic Health: From Supplements to Feed Strategies. Unique Scientific Publishers. https://doi.org/10.47278/book.HH/2025.248